Scoliosis in Seniors: Curved Spine in the Elderly

Scoliosis, a condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine, can affect individuals of all ages. Though commonly linked to adolescence, it frequently develops later in life, affecting about 60% of the older population. In this post, we’ll review what you need to know about scoliosis in adults over 60. Topics will include causes, symptoms, and treatment for age-related scoliosis.

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Effects of Scoliosis in Old Age

Age significantly affects the progression of scoliosis in older adults. As we age, degenerative changes in the spine — such as disc breakdown, bone loss, and arthritis — can worsen the spine. Decreased bone density weakens vertebrae and may increase curved spine in elderly.

Scoliosis progression can lead to pain, reduced mobility, and, in severe cases, complications affecting organs like the lungs. However, not all older adults with scoliosis experience significant progression; the severity and rate of change can vary widely.

Causes of Scoliosis in Elderly

While scoliosis with age is the most common cause of the condition, there are also a few other ways one can be affected by it. Possible causes of elderly scoliosis include:

• Natural wear-and-tear
• Degenerative arthritis that occurs within the joints of the spine
• Genetics
• Past trauma

Symptoms of Scoliosis in the Elderly

Older adults can experience numerous symptoms with scoliosis. Scoliosis in the elderly complications can include:

• Abnormal posture. Scoliosis can cause the spine to curve to the side, resulting in a sideways curvature of the spine or a hunched back.
• Curvature of the spine. This can particularly occur when viewed from the side.
• Degenerative changes. This can include the breakdown of spinal discs and loss of bone density, which can be viewed on diagnostic imaging tests.

Scoliosis Treatment for Seniors: Non-surgical options

Some non-surgical options scoliosis in seniors include:

• Physical therapy. This can include core-strengthening and posture-improving exercises to maintain physical functioning in scoliosis aging.
• Schroth method. This specialized, non-invasive form of physical therapy is specifically designed for managing scoliosis. It involves a combination of exercises tailored to the curvature of the spine in old age to improve posture, enhance breathing, and strengthen the muscles supporting the spine. 
• Back braces. These can be prescribed for spine support and stability.
• Acupuncture. This involves a shallow insertion and manipulation of very fine, sterile needles.
• Therapeutic massage therapy. Different from a massage one would get at a spa, these specific massage techniques focus on the emotional and physical needs of a client.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers. Tylenol, Advil, and other medications can be useful.

Scoliosis Treatment for Seniors: Surgical options

Some surgical options for scoliosis in elderly include:

• Decompression surgery. This procedure involves removing part of a spinal vertebra, and if necessary, additional spinal tissues, to relieve pain and sciatica symptoms caused by nerve compression.
• Spinal fusion. This involves placing bone graft material between two vertebrae to fuse them into one bone, preventing instability but limiting motion and requiring a lengthy, often painful recovery, especially in older adults.
• Spinal implants. The TOPS spinal arthroplasty system replaces removed spinal tissues, preserving motion while preventing instability.